Face value is the value of a coin or paper money, as printed on the coin or bill itself by the minting authority. While the face value usually refers to the true value of the coin or bill in question (as with circulation coins) it can sometimes be largely symbolic, as is often the case with bullion coins. For example, a one troy ounce (31 g) American Gold Eagle bullion coin is worth and sells for about $670 USD at current market prices (as of July 17 2006) and yet has a face value of only $50 USD.
The face value of bonds usually represents the principal or redemption value. Interest payments are expressed as a percentage of face value. Before maturity, the actual value of a bond may be greater or less than face value, depending on the interest rate payable and the perceived risk of default. As bonds approach maturity, actual value approaches face value.
In the case of stock certificates, face value is the par value of the stock. In the case of common stock, par value is largely symbolic. In the case of preferred stock, dividends may be expressed as a percentage of par value.
The face value of a life insurance policy is the death benefit. In the case of so-called "double indemnity" life insurance policies, the beneficiary receives double the face value in case of accidental death.
The face value of property, casualty or health insurance policies is the maximum amount payable, as stated on the policy's face or declarations page.
Face value can be used to refer to the apparent value of something other than a financial instrument, such as a concept or plan. In this context, "face value" refers to the apparent merits of the idea, before the concept or plan has been tested.
Taking someone at face value is assuming another person's suggestion, offer, or proposal is sincere, rather than a bargaining ploy. As an example, a professional athlete may demand of team management, "Play me or trade me." In many cases, the athlete simply feels unappreciated, and small signs of appreciation, ranging from praise to a modest raise, will make him happy again. If the team management takes his demand at face value, they believe that the player truly wants to spend less time on the bench, and if they aren't in a position to use him more, they may trade him to a team that can.
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